I. Folasaga
Phospholipidso vaega taua ia o pa'u olaola ma e iai sona sao taua i faiga fa'aletino eseese. O le malamalama i lo latou fausaga ma galuega e taua i le malamalama i le lavelave o le cellular ma molecular biology, faʻapea foʻi ma lo latou taua i le soifua maloloina o tagata ma faʻamaʻi. O lenei faʻamatalaga lautele e faʻamoemoe e suʻesuʻe i le natura lavelave o phospholipids, suʻesuʻeina o latou faʻamatalaga ma fausaga, faʻapea foʻi ma le faʻamalamalamaina o le taua o le suʻesuʻeina o nei mole.
A. Uiga ma le Fauga o Phospholipids
Phospholipids o se vasega o lipids e aofia ai filifili gaʻo gaʻo e lua, se vaega phosphate, ma se glycerol backbone. O le fausaga tulaga ese o phospholipids e mafai ai ona latou fausia le lipid bilayer, o le faavae o membranes cell, faatasi ai ma siʻusiʻu hydrophobic e faasaga i totonu ma ulu hydrophilic e faasaga i fafo. O lenei fa'atulagaga e maua ai se pa puipui malosi e fa'atonutonu ai le fegasoloa'i o mea i totonu ma fafo atu o le sela, a'o fa'atalanoaina fo'i fa'agaioiga feavea'i eseese e pei o fa'ailoga ma felauaiga.
B. Taua ole Su'esu'ega Phospholipids
O le suʻesuʻeina o phospholipids e taua tele mo le tele o mafuaʻaga. Muamua, latou te taua i le fausaga ma le gaioiga o sela sela, e aʻafia ai le suavai, faʻaogaina, ma le mautu. O le malamalama i mea totino o le phospholipids e taua tele mo le faʻamalamalamaina o masini o loʻo i lalo ole gaioiga faʻapitoa e pei ole endocytosis, exocytosis, ma le faʻaliliuina o faailo.
E le gata i lea, o phospholipids e iai sona aafiaga taua mo le soifua maloloina o tagata, aemaise lava i tulaga e pei o le fatu fatu, neurodegenerative disorders, ma metabolic syndromes. O su'esu'ega i phospholipids e mafai ona maua ai fa'amatalaga i le atina'eina o ta'iala fa'afoma'i fou ma faiga fa'ai'ai e fa'atatau i nei mataupu tau soifua maloloina.
E le gata i lea, o le faʻaaogaina o pisinisi ma pisinisi o phospholipids i vaega e pei o vailaʻau, nutraceuticals, ma biotechnology o loʻo faʻamaonia ai le taua o le faʻalauteleina o lo tatou malamalama i lenei matata. O le malamalama i le tele o matafaioi ma meatotino a le phospholipids e mafai ona taʻitaʻia ai le atinaʻeina o oloa fou ma tekinolosi faʻatasi ai ma le lautele o aʻafiaga mo le soifua manuia o tagata ma le alualu i luma tekinolosi.
I se aotelega, o le suʻesuʻega o phospholipids e taua tele mo le faʻamalamalamaina o le faʻasaienisi lavelave i tua atu o le faʻaogaina o le telefoni feaveaʻi ma galuega, suʻesuʻeina o latou aʻafiaga i le soifua maloloina o tagata, ma faʻaogaina o latou gafatia i faʻaoga eseese tau pisinisi. O lenei faʻamatalaga lautele e faʻamoemoe e faʻamalamalamaina le uiga tele o phospholipids ma lo latou taua i totonu o nofoaga o suʻesuʻega faʻale-aganuʻu, soifua maloloina o tagata, ma faʻatekonolosi fou.
II. Galuega Fa'aola ole Phospholipids
Phospholipids, o se vaega taua o sela sela, e faia ni matafaioi eseese i le faatumauina o le fausaga ma le gaioiga o le telefoni feaveaʻi, faʻapea foʻi ma le aʻafiaina o faiga faʻaletino eseese. O le malamalama i galuega fa'ale-ola o le phospholipids e maua ai le malamalama i lo latou taua i le soifua maloloina o tagata ma fa'ama'i.
A. Matafaioi i le Fausiaina o le Membrane Cell ma Galuega
O le galuega autu o meaola o le phospholipids o lo latou sao i le fausaga ma le gaioiga o sela sela. Phospholipids fausia le lipid bilayer, o le faavae faavae o membranes sela, e ala i le faatulagaina i latou lava ma o latou siʻusiʻu hydrophobic i totonu ma ulu hydrophilic fafo. O lenei fausaga e fausia ai se membrane semipermeable e faʻatonutonu ai le felauaiga o vailaʻau i totonu ma fafo atu o le sela, ma faʻatumauina ai le homeostasis cellular ma faʻafaigofie galuega taua e pei o le faʻaogaina o meaʻai, otaota otaota, ma le faʻailoga o le cell.
B. Fa'ailoga ma Feso'ota'iga i Cells
Phospholipids e avea foi ma vaega taua o ala faʻailoga ma fesoʻotaʻiga cell-to-cell. O nisi phospholipids, e pei o le phosphatidylinositol, e fai ma mea muamua mo mole mole faailoilo (eg, inositol trisphosphate ma diacylglycerol) e faʻatonutonuina gaioiga taua tele, e aofia ai le tuputupu aʻe o sela, eseesega, ma apoptosis. O nei mole faʻailoga e taʻalo i matafaioi taua i le tele o intracellular ma intercellular signaling cascades, e aʻafia ai tali eseese o le physiological ma amioga feaveaʻi.
C. Sao i le Soifua Maloloina ole Fai'ai ma le Gaoioiga Taumafaufau
Phospholipids, aemaise phosphatidylcholine, ma phosphatidylserine, e tele i le faiʻai ma e taua mo le faatumauina o lona fausaga ma galuega. Phospholipids fesoasoani i le fausiaina ma le mautu o membranes neuronal, fesoasoani i le tuʻuina atu ma le faʻaogaina o le neurotransmitter, ma e aʻafia i le synaptic plasticity, lea e taua tele mo le aʻoaʻoina ma le manatua. E le gata i lea, o phospholipids e iai sona sao i le neuroprotective mechanisms ma ua aʻafia i le faʻatalanoaina o le paʻu o le mafaufau e fesoʻotaʻi ma le matua ma faʻafitauli o le neurology.
D. A'afiaga i le Soifua Maloloina o le Loto ma Galuega Fa'aletoto
Phospholipids ua faʻaalia aafiaga taua i le soifua maloloina o le fatu ma le cardiovascular function. Latou te aʻafia i le fausaga ma le gaioiga o lipoproteins, lea e feaveaʻi le cholesterol ma isi lipids i totonu o le toto. Phospholipids i totonu o lipoproteins e saofagā i lo latou mautu ma galuega, e aʻafia ai le lipid metabolism ma le cholesterol homeostasis. E le gata i lea, ua suʻesuʻeina foʻi phospholipids mo lo latou gafatia e faʻafetaui ai faʻamatalaga lipid toto ma faʻaitiitia le lamatiaga o faʻamaʻi cardiovascular, faʻamaonia ai o latou aʻafiaga faʻapitoa i le puleaina o le soifua maloloina o le fatu.
E. A'afia i Lipid Metabolism ma Malosiaga Gaosia
Phospholipids e taua i le lipid metabolism ma le gaosiga o le malosi. Latou te aʻafia i le faʻapipiʻiina ma le malepelepe o lipids, e aofia ai triglycerides ma cholesterol, ma e taʻalo taua i le lipid felauaiga ma le teuina. Phospholipids foi e saofagā i le mitochondrial galuega ma le gaosiga o le malosi e ala i lo latou auai i le phosphorylation oxidative ma le filifili felauaiga eletise, faʻamamafaina lo latou taua i le metabolism malosi feaveaʻi.
I se aotelega, o galuega faʻale-aganuʻu o phospholipids e tele faʻapitoa ma aofia ai a latou matafaioi i le fausaga ma le gaioiga o le sela, faʻailoga ma fesoʻotaʻiga i sela, saofaga i le soifua maloloina o le faiʻai ma le mafaufau, aafiaga i le soifua maloloina o le fatu ma le cardiovascular function, ma le auai i le lipid metabolism ma le malosi. gaosiga. O lenei fa'amatalaga lautele e maua ai se malamalamaga loloto i le tele o galuega fa'alesoifua maloloina a le phospholipids ma o latou a'afiaga mo le soifua maloloina ma le soifua manuia o tagata.
III. Fa'amanuiaga mo le Soifua Maloloina o Phospholipids
Phospholipids o vaega taua o sela sela ma matafaioi eseese i le soifua maloloina o tagata. O le malamalama i faʻamanuiaga faʻalesoifua maloloina o phospholipids e mafai ona faʻamalamalamaina ai a latou faʻaogaina faʻapitoa ma meaʻai.
A'afiaga ile maualuga ole Cholesterol
Phospholipids e taua tele i le lipid metabolism ma felauaiga, lea e aʻafia saʻo ai le maualuga o le cholesterol i le tino. O suʻesuʻega ua faʻaalia ai e mafai e le phospholipids ona faʻaogaina le cholesterol metabolism e ala i le aʻafiaina o le tuʻufaʻatasia, absorption, ma le faʻaaogaina o le cholesterol. Phospholipids ua lipotia mai e fesoasoani i le emulsification ma solubilization o ga'o taumafa, ma faafaigofie ai le mitiia o le cholesterol i totonu o le manava. E le gata i lea, o phospholipids o loʻo aʻafia i le fausiaina o lipoproteins maualuga (HDL), lea e lauiloa mo la latou matafaioi i le aveesea o le cholesterol sili atu mai le toto, ma faʻaitiitia ai le lamatiaga o le atherosclerosis ma faʻamaʻi cardiovascular. O faʻamaoniga o loʻo faʻaalia ai e mafai e le phospholipids ona mafai ona faʻaleleia le lipid profiles ma saofagā i le tausia lelei o le cholesterol maualuga i le tino.
Meatotino Antioxidative
Phospholipids o loʻo faʻaalia ai mea faʻamaʻi faʻamaʻi e fesoasoani i o latou aafiaga aoga i le soifua maloloina. I le avea ai ma vaega taua o sela feʻaveaʻi, o phospholipids e faigofie ona faʻaleagaina faʻamaʻi e ala i faʻamaʻi saoloto ma ituaiga o okesene reactive. Ae ui i lea, o le phospholipids o loʻo i ai le malosi faʻamaʻi faʻamaʻi, e fai ma faʻamaʻi o radical free ma puipuia sela mai faʻamaʻi faʻamaʻi. O suʻesuʻega ua faʻaalia ai o phospholipids faʻapitoa, e pei o le phosphatidylcholine ma le phosphatidylethanolamine, e mafai ona faʻaitiitia lelei le faʻaleagaina o le oxidative ma puipuia le lipid peroxidation. E le gata i lea, o phospholipids ua aʻafia i le faʻaleleia o le puipuiga o le antioxidant system i totonu o sela, ma faʻaalia ai se puipuiga puipuia mai le faʻaleagaina o le oxidative ma faʻamaʻi faʻapitoa.
Fa'atonuga mo togafitiga ma mea'ai
O faʻamanuiaga faʻalesoifua maloloina tulaga ese o phospholipids ua faʻatupuina ai le fiafia i a latou togafitiga faʻapitoa ma meaʻai. O loʻo suʻesuʻeina togafitiga faʻavae phospholipid mo lo latou gafatia i le puleaina o faʻafitauli e fesoʻotaʻi ma le lipid, e pei o le hypercholesterolemia ma le dyslipidemia. E le gata i lea, o phospholipids ua faʻaalia le folafolaga i le faʻaleleia o le soifua maloloina o le ate ma le lagolagoina o le ate, aemaise lava i tulaga e aʻafia ai le metabolism lipid hepatic ma le faʻamaʻi faʻamaʻi. O le faʻaogaina o meaʻai o phospholipids ua matauina i le malo o meaʻai aoga ma meaʻai faaopoopo, lea o loʻo faʻaleleia ai le faʻaogaina o le phospholipid e faʻaleleia ai le lipid assimilation, faʻaleleia le soifua maloloina o le cardiovascular, ma lagolagoina le soifua manuia lautele.
I le faʻaiʻuga, o faʻamanuiaga faʻalesoifua maloloina o phospholipids e aofia ai o latou aʻafiaga i le maualuga o le cholesterol, mea faʻamaʻi faʻamaʻi, ma a latou mea e mafai ona togafitia ma meaʻai. O le malamalama i le tele o vaega o phospholipids i le tausia o le physiological homeostasis ma le faʻaitiitia o faʻamaʻi faʻamaʻi e maua ai faʻamatalaga taua i lo latou taua i le faʻaleleia o le soifua maloloina ma le soifua manuia o tagata.
IV. Punavai o Phospholipids
Phospholipids, e pei o vaega taua lipid o membranes cellular, e taua mo le faatumauina o le faʻatulagaina ma le faʻatinoina o sela. O le malamalama i faʻapogai o phospholipids e sili ona taua i le talisapaiaina o lo latou taua i meaʻai ma mea tau alamanuia.
A. Mea'ai
Punaoa o Mea'ai: E mafai ona maua le Phospholipids mai mea'ai eseese, faatasi ai ma nisi o puna'oa sili ona lelei o fuamoa fuamoa, aano o okeni, ma soya. O fuamoa fuamoa e sili ona tele i le phosphatidylcholine, o se ituaiga o phospholipid, ae o le soya e iai le phosphatidylserine ma le phosphatidylinositol. O isi mea'ai o phospholipids e aofia ai meaʻai susu, pinati, ma fatu la.
Taua Fa'aletino: O mea'ai phospholipids e mana'omia mo mea'ai a le tagata ma fa'atino matafaioi taua i faiga fa'aletino eseese. O le taimi lava e 'ai ai, o le phospholipids e faʻafefe ma faʻafefe i totonu o le tootoo laiti, lea e avea ma poloka fau mo le tino o le tino ma fesoasoani i le faʻavaeina ma le gaioiga o lipoprotein particles e feaveaʻi cholesterol ma triglycerides.
Aafiaga o le Soifua Maloloina: Ua faʻaalia e suʻesuʻega o meaʻai phospholipids e mafai ona maua ai faʻamanuiaga faʻalesoifua maloloina, e aofia ai le faʻaleleia o le ate, lagolagoina le soifua maloloina o le faiʻai, ma le sao i le soifua maloloina o le fatu. E le gata i lea, o phospholipids e maua mai i puna o le gataifale, e pei o le krill oil, ua maua le gauai atu mo a latou mea e ono mafai ona puipuia ma antioxidant.
B. Alamanuia ma Fale Talavai
Fa'aaogāga Fa'aaogāga: E maua fo'i le Phospholipids mai mea tau alamanuia, lea e maua mai ai mai mea fa'alenatura e pei o soya, fatu o le sunflower, ma rapeseeds. O nei phospholipids o loʻo faʻaaogaina ma faʻaaogaina i mea tau alamanuia eseese, e aofia ai le gaosiga o mea emulsifiers, stabilizers, ma mea faʻapipiʻi mo meaʻai, vailaʻau, ma fale teuteu.
Talosaga Fa'afoma'i: E taua tele le sao o Phospholipids i le alamanuia tau vaila'au, ae maise lava i faiga e tu'uina atu ai vaila'au. O loʻo faʻaaogaina e avea ma mea faʻapitoa i le faʻatulagaina o faiga faʻavae vailaʻau faʻavae lipid e faʻaleleia ai le bioavailability, mautu, ma le faʻamoemoeina o vailaʻau vailaʻau. E le gata i lea, ua suʻesuʻeina foʻi phospholipids mo lo latou gafatia i le atinaʻeina o vailaʻau fou mo le tuʻuina atu ma le faʻamalolo tumau o togafitiga.
Taua i Alamanuia: O faʻaoga faʻapisinisi o phospholipids e faʻalautele atu i tala atu o vailaʻau e aofia ai lo latou faʻaogaina i le gaosiga o meaʻai, lea latou te galulue ai o ni emulsifiers ma stabilizers i meaʻai gaosi eseese. Phospholipids o loʻo faʻaaogaina foʻi i le gaosiga o tausiga a le tagata lava ia ma mea faʻalelei, lea latou te saofagā i le mautu ma le faʻatinoina o faʻasologa e pei o kulimi, lotions, ma liposomes.
I le faʻaiuga, o phospholipids e maua mai i meaʻai ma faʻalapotopotoga faʻapitoa, o loʻo taʻalo taua i meaʻai a tagata, soifua maloloina, ma faiga faʻapisinisi eseese. O le malamalama i punaoa eseese ma le faʻaogaina o phospholipids e taua tele i le talisapaia o lo latou taua i meaʻai, soifua maloloina, ma alamanuia.
V. Suesuega ma Talosaga
A. Fa'asologa o Su'esu'ega i le taimi nei i Phopholipid
Saienisi O su'esu'ega i le taimi nei i le phospholipid science e aofia ai le tele o mataupu e taula'i i le malamalama i le fausaga, galuega, ma matafaioi a phospholipids i faiga fa'aola eseese. O aga lata mai e aofia ai le suʻesuʻeina o matafaioi faʻapitoa e taʻalo ai vasega eseese o phospholipids i le faʻailoga o le sela, faʻamalosia o le membrane, ma le lipid metabolism. E le gata i lea, o loʻo i ai le fiafia tele i le malamalama pe faʻafefea ona aʻafia le faʻaogaina o le phospholipid i le cellular ma le physiology, faʻapea foʻi ma le atinaʻeina o metotia suʻesuʻe fou mo le suʻesuʻeina o phospholipid i le cellular ma molecular levels.
B. Talosaga Alamanuia ma Fale Talavai
Phospholipids ua maua le tele o alamanuia ma vailaʻau faʻaoga ona o latou tulaga faʻaletino ma vailaʻau. I le vaega o alamanuia, phospholipids o loʻo faʻaaogaina e fai ma emulsifiers, stabilizers, ma encapsulating agents i meaʻai, cosmetics, ma fale tausi tagata. I totonu o vailaʻau, phospholipids e faʻaaogaina lautele i faiga faʻapipiʻi vailaʻau, e aofia ai liposomes ma lipid-based formulations, e faʻaleleia ai le solubility ma le bioavailability o vailaʻau. O le faʻaaogaina o phospholipids i nei talosaga ua faʻalauteleina ai lo latou aʻafiaga i luga o pisinisi eseese.
C. Ta'iala i le Lumana'i ma Lu'itau ile Su'esu'ega Phopholipid
O le lumanaʻi o suʻesuʻega phospholipid o loʻo i ai se folafolaga tele, faʻatasi ai ma faʻatonuga faʻapitoa e aofia ai le atinaʻeina o mea fou e faʻavae i luga ole phospholipid mo le biotechnological ma nanotechnological applications, faʻapea foʻi ma le suʻesuʻeina o phospholipids e avea ma sini mo togafitiga faʻapitoa. O luʻitau o le a aofia ai le faʻatalanoaina o mataupu e fesoʻotaʻi ma le faʻalauteleina, toe faʻaleleia, ma le tau-lelei o oloa faʻavae phospholipid. E le gata i lea, o le malamalama i fegalegaleaiga faigata i le va o phospholipids ma isi vaega feaveaʻi, faʻapea foʻi ma a latou matafaioi i faʻamaʻi faʻamaʻi, o le a avea ma vaega taua o suʻesuʻega faifaipea.
D.Phospholipid LiposomalOloa Fa'asologa
Phospholipid liposomal oloa ose vaega taua o le taulaʻi i vailaʻau faʻaoga. Liposomes, o spherical vesicle e fausia i phospholipid bilayers, ua maeʻa suʻesuʻeina e avea ma auala e mafai ai ona tuʻuina atu vailaʻau. O nei oloa e ofoina atu tulaga lelei e pei o le mafai ona faʻapipiʻi uma vailaʻau hydrophobic ma hydrophilic, faʻatatau i masini poʻo sela, ma faʻaitiitia ai aʻafiaga o nisi vailaʻau. Fa'aauau su'esu'ega ma atina'e e fa'amoemoe e fa'aleleia atili le mautu, gafatia e fa'atauina ai vaila'au, ma le fa'atatauina o gafatia o oloa liposomal fa'avae phospholipid mo le tele o fa'aoga togafitiga.
O lenei va'aiga lautele e maua ai fa'amatalaga i le fa'atupula'ia o su'esu'ega o le phospholipid, e aofia ai faiga o lo'o i ai nei, fale gaosi oloa ma vaila'au, fa'atonuga ma lu'itau i le lumana'i, ma le atina'eina o oloa liposomal fa'avae phospholipid. O lenei malamalama o loʻo faʻamaonia ai le tele o aʻafiaga ma avanoa e fesoʻotaʻi ma phospholipids i vaega eseese.
VI. Fa'ai'uga
A. Aotelega o Sailiga Autu
Phospholipids, e avea ma vaega taua o paʻu olaola, e taua tele i le faʻamautuina o le fausaga ma galuega. O suʻesuʻega ua faʻaalia ai le tele o matafaioi a phospholipids i le faʻailoga feaveaʻi, faʻamalosia o le membrane, ma le lipid metabolism. O vasega fa'apitoa o phospholipids ua maua e iai fa'atinoga ma'oti i totonu o sela, e fa'aaafia ai faiga e pei o le fa'avasegaina o sela, fa'ateleina, ma apoptosis. E le gata i lea, o le fesoʻotaʻiga lavelave i le va o phospholipids, isi lipids, ma proteins membrane ua tulaʻi mai e avea o se faʻamautu autu o le gaioiga feaveaʻi. E le gata i lea, o le phospholipids o loʻo iai ni faʻaoga faʻapitoa tau pisinisi, aemaise lava i le gaosiga o emulsifiers, stabilizers, ma faiga faʻatau fualaau. O le malamalama i le fausaga ma le aoga o phospholipids e maua ai faʻamatalaga i latou faʻaogaina faʻapitoa ma faʻaoga faʻapisinisi.
B. A'afiaga mo le Soifua Maloloina ma Alamanuia
O le malamalama atoatoa o phospholipids e iai sona aafiaga taua mo le soifua maloloina ma alamanuia. I le tulaga o le soifua maloloina, e taua tele le phospholipids mo le faʻamautuina o le faʻamaoni ma le gaioiga. O le le paleni i le tuufaatasiga o le phospholipid e fesoʻotaʻi ma faʻamaʻi eseese, e aofia ai faʻamaʻi pipisi, faʻamaʻi neurodegenerative, ma le kanesa. O le mea lea, o fa'atonuga fa'atatau e fa'afetaui ai le metabolism phospholipid ma le fa'atinoga e mafai ona i ai le malosi fa'afoma'i. E le gata i lea, o le faʻaaogaina o phospholipids i faiga faʻatau fualaau faʻatau atu e ofoina atu auala manuia mo le faʻaleleia atili o le aoga ma le saogalemu o vailaʻau. I totonu o fale gaosi oloa, phospholipids e taua i le gaosiga o oloa faʻatau eseese, e aofia ai meaʻai emulsions, cosmetics, ma vailaʻau vailaʻau. O le malamalama i fesoʻotaʻiga faʻatulagaina o phospholipids e mafai ona faʻamalosia ai mea fou i nei alamanuia, e taʻitaʻia ai le atinaʻeina o oloa fou ma faʻaleleia atili le mautu ma le bioavailability.
C. Avanoa mo Su'esu'ega ma Atina'e atili
O su'esu'ega fa'aauau ile fa'asaienisi phospholipid e maua ai le tele o auala mo su'esu'ega atili ma atina'e. O se tasi o vaega taua o le faʻamalamalamaina o le molecular mechanisms o loʻo faʻavaeina le aʻafiaga o phospholipids i auala faʻailoga telefoni feaveaʻi ma faʻamaʻi. O lenei malamalama e mafai ona faʻaaogaina e atiaʻe ai togafitiga faʻatatau e faʻaogaina ai le metabolism phospholipid mo le manuia. E le gata i lea, o isi suʻesuʻega i le faʻaogaina o phospholipids e avea ma taʻavale faʻatau fualaau ma le atinaʻeina o faʻataʻitaʻiga faʻavae lipid o le a faʻalauteleina le fanua o vailaʻau. I le vaega o alamanuia, o suʻesuʻega faifaipea ma taumafaiga tau atinaʻe e mafai ona taulaʻi i le faʻamalieina o faiga gaosiga ma faʻaogaina o oloa faʻavae phospholipid e faʻafetaui ai manaʻoga o maketi eseese. E le gata i lea, o le su'esu'eina o puna'oa gafataulimaina ma le siosiomaga o phospholipids mo le fa'aogaina o alamanuia o le isi lea vaega taua mo le atina'e.
O le mea lea, o le aotelega lautele o le phospholipid science o loʻo faʻamaonia ai le taua tele o le phospholipids i le telefoni feaveaʻi, o latou gafatia faʻafomaʻi i le soifua maloloina, ma a latou faʻalapotopotoga eseese. Ole su'esu'ega fa'aauau ole su'esu'ega ole phospholipid e maua ai avanoa fa'afiafia mo le fa'atalanoaina o lu'itau fa'alesoifua maloloina ma le fa'aosoina o mea fou i pisinisi eseese.
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Taimi meli: Tes-21-2023
